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We discuss the design and performance of a very sensitive low-fieldmagnetometer based on the detection of free spin precession of gaseous, nuclearpolarized 3He or 129Xe samples with a SQUID as magnetic flux detector. Thedevice will be employed to control fluctuating magnetic fields and gradients ina new experiment searching for a permanent electric dipole moment of theneutron as well as in a new type of 3He/129Xe clock comparison experiment whichshould be sensitive to a sidereal variation of the relative spin precessionfrequency. Characteristic spin precession times T_2 of up to 60h could bemeasured. In combination with a signal-to-noise ratio of > 5000:1, this leadsto a sensitivity level of deltaB= 1fT after an integration time of 220s and todeltaB= 10^(-4)fT after one day. Even in that sensitivity range, themagnetometer performance is statistically limited, and noise sources inherentto the magnetometer are not limiting. The reason is that free precessing 3He(129Xe) nuclear spins are almost completely decoupled from the environment.That makes this type of magnetometer in particular attractive for precisionfield measurements where a long-term stability is required.

the european physical journal. d, atomic, molecular and optical physics/the european physical journal. d, atomic, molecular, optical and plasma physics

Ultra-sensitive magnetometry based on free precession of nuclear spins