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Five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on the covariant densityfunctional theory has been applied to study the the low-lying states ofeven-even $^{148-162}$Gd isotopes. The shape evolution from $^{148}$Gd to$^{162}$Gd is presented. The experimental energy spectra and intraband $B(E2)$transition probabilities for the $^{148-162}$Gd isotopes are reproduced by thepresent calculations. The relative $B(E2)$ ratios in present calculations arealso compared with the available interacting boson model results andexperimental data. It is found that the occupations of neutron $1i_{13/2}$orbital result in the well-deformed prolate shape, and are essential for Gdisotopes.

Low-lying states in even Gd isotopes studied with five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on covariant density functional theory