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Small-angle correlations of pairs of protons emitted in central collisions ofCa + Ca, Ru + Ru and Au + Au at beam energies from 400 to 1500 MeV per nucleonare investigated with the FOPI detector system at SIS/GSI Darmstadt.Dependences on system size and beam energy are presented which extend theexperimental data basis of pp correlations in the SIS energy rangesubstantially. The size of the proton-emitting source is estimated by comparingthe experimental data with the output of a final-state interaction model whichutilizes either static Gaussian sources or the one-body phase-spacedistribution of protons provided by the BUU transport approach. The trends inthe experimental data, i.e. system-size and beam energy dependences, are wellreproduced by this hybrid model. However, the pp correlation function is foundrather insensitive to the stiffness of the equation of state entering thetransport model calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted at Eur. Phys. Journ.

Two-proton small-angle correlations in central heavy-ion collisions: A beam-energy- and system-size-dependent study