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Sunspots are dark spots on the solar surface associated with strong magneticfields. The number, area, and brightness of sunspots are supposed to reflectthe intensity of the solar magnetic fields and are often used as proxies fortheir long-term variations. However, the correlations between the sunspotparameters and solar magnetic fields are not constant, and the causes and thetime profiles of the variations in these correlations are not quite clear.Therefore, the sunspot data alone cannot be used as proxy for deriving thevariations of the sunspot magnetic fields for periods when no instrumentalmeasurements are available. But the Earth is a sort of a probe reacting tointerplanetary disturbances which are manifestation of the solar magneticfields, so records of the geomagnetic activity can be used as diagnostic toolsfor reconstructing past solar magnetic fields evolution. In the present studywe combine sunspot and geomagnetic data to estimate the long-term variations ofsunspot magnetic fields.

Long-term variations of solar magnetic fields derived from geomagnetic data