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Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is responsible for the diarrheal and cramping symptoms of humanC. perfringens type A food poisoning. CPE-producingC. perfringens isolates have also recently been associated with several non-food-borne human gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and sporadic diarrhea. The current study has used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses to compare the genotypes of 43cpe -positiveC. perfringens isolates obtained from diverse sources. All North American and European food-poisoning isolates examined in this study were found to carry a chromosomalcpe , while all non-food-borne human GI disease isolates characterized in this study were determined to carry theircpe on an episome. Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that distinct subpopulations ofcpe -positiveC. perfringens isolates may be responsible forC. perfringens type A food poisoning versus CPE-associated non-food-borne human GI diseases. If these putative associations are confirmed in additional surveys,cpe RFLP and PFGE genotyping assays may facilitate the differential diagnosis of food-borne versus non-food-borne CPE-associated human GI illnesses and may also be useful epidemiologic tools for identifying reservoirs or transmission mechanisms for the subpopulations ofcpe -positive isolates specifically responsible for CPE-associated food-borne versus non-food-borne human GI diseases.

journal of clinical microbiology

Evidence That the Enterotoxin Gene Can Be Episomal in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Isolates Associated with Non-Food-Borne Human Gastrointestinal Diseases

Evidence That the Enterotoxin Gene Can Be Episomal in Clostridium perfringens Isolates Associated with Non-Food-Borne Human Gastrointestinal Diseases