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Production of toxins by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium chauvoei has been the subject of many conflicting reports. Roux and Chamberland (1887) first noted that 3 to 4 day filtrates were antigenic; conferring on guinea pigs an immunity against infection with viable organisms. Production of a lethal toxin by C. septicum was however, demonstrated by Leclainche (1898) and Leclainche and Morel (1901), and for C. chauvoei by Duenschmann (1894) and Leclainche and Valle'e (1900). This was later questioned by a number of workers, (Barger and Dale, 1915; O'Brien, 1929). Kojima (1923) divided the strains of C. chauvoei he tested into two groups: one nontoxic and the other toxic, the latter producing in vitro lethal toxin which was neutralized by C. septicum sera. Leclainche and Vallee (1923) advocated examination for two toxins: an exotoxin which appeared in culture filtrates after 24 to 48 hr of incubation and an endotoxin produced on aging and lysis of these cultures. Similar observations were also made by Berg (1923) who obtained maximum toxin-production of a C. chauvoei strain after 30 days of incubation. It is, however, clear that filtrates of the two organisms comprise more than one toxic substance. Thus in addition to the C. septicum lethal toxin, Eisenberg, as early as 1907, described an oxygen-labile hemolysin which he found associated with a leucocidin. This has been recently confirmed by Oakley and Warrack (1951) and Warrack et al. (1951) who found it antigenically distinct from the deoxyribonuclease of Clostridium perfringens (C. welchii) type A and considered it as C. septicum A-toxin. In attempting to study the toxins of C. septicum and C. chauvoei and to elucidate some of the relationships between their components, a number of toxigenic strains was investigated under different cultural and environmental conditions.

COMPLEXITY OF TOXINS FROMCLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUMANDCLOSTRIDIUM CHAUVOEI