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In the past, a wide variety of unrelated oral filamentous and rod shaped bacteria were placed either in the genera Leptothrix or Leptotrichia. The confusion resulted from meager studies of many of these organisms, inadequate generic descriptions, and use of the ill-defined word "filamentous." Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology in 1948 stated, "the genus Leptotrichia Trevisan, 1879 is no longer recognized as a valid genus," and in 1957 completely neglected it. The genus Leptothrix has been redefined and would now (Breed et al., 1957) exclude the oral forms previously placed in it. The confusion concerning classification of oral forms is well illustrated by the fact that within the past twenty-five years two entirely different organisms have been termed Leptotrichia buccalis. One of these, described by Thj0tta et al. (1939), B0e and Thj0tta (1944), Hamilton and Zahler (1957), and others, is a rod, generally 10 , long, and normally two rods chain to form short filaments. In fluid media, filaments of up to 200 pi in length can be found. The organism is anaerobic or microaerophilic, gram-positive only in very young cultures, and does not branch. The second type of organism, described by Bibby (1935), Bartels (1943), and Morris (1954), is a filament with a bacillus-like body attached to one end. According to Bibby (1935), the unsegmented filaments vary from 0.8 to 1.5 ,u in diameter and may be more than 100 ,u long. This organism is anaerobic or facultative, grampositive, and branches very rarely in anaerobic cultures. As described by Bibby, this organism resembles the generic description for Leptotrichia (Bergey et al., 1934), whereas the organism described by Thj0tta resembles the type species chosen for this genus.

ISOLATION OF AN ORAL FILAMENTOUS MICROORGANISM,