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We investigated the genetic basis for mycosporine sunscreen biosynthesis by the cyanobacteriumNostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133. Heterologous expression inEscherichia coli of three contiguousN. punctiforme genes (NpR5600, NpR5599, and NpR5598, here namedmys A ,mys B , andmys C , respectively) led to the production of mycosporine-glycine, an oxomycosporine. Additional expression of gene NpF5597 (mys D ) led to the conversion of mycosporine-glycine into iminomycosporines (preferentially shinorine but also others like mycosporine-2-glycine and porphyra-334). This represents a new mode of enzymatic synthesis for iminomycosporines, one that differs in genetic origin, mechanism, and apparent substrate specificity from that known inAnabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. These results add to the emerging profile of the protein family of ATP-dependent ligases, to which themys C product belongs, as important condensation enzymes in microbial secondary metabolism.

An ATP-Grasp Ligase Involved in the Last Biosynthetic Step of the Iminomycosporine Shinorine in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133