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Helicobacter pylori causes numerous alterations in gastric epithelial cells through processes that are dependent on activity of thecag type IV secretion system (T4SS). Filamentous structures termed “pili” have been visualized at the interface betweenH. pylori and gastric epithelial cells, and previous studies suggested that pilus formation is dependent on the presence of thecag pathogenicity island (PAI). Thus far, there has been relatively little effort to identify specific genes that are required for pilus formation, and the role of pili in T4SS function is unclear. In this study, we selected 7 genes in thecag PAI that are known to be required for T4SS function and investigated whether these genes were required for pilus formation.cagT ,cagX ,cagV ,cagM , andcag3 mutants were defective in both T4SS function and pilus formation; complemented mutants regained T4SS function and the capacity for pilus formation.cagY andcagC mutants were defective in T4SS function but retained the capacity for pilus formation. These results define a set ofcag PAI genes that are required for both pilus biogenesis and T4SS function and reveal that these processes can be uncoupled in specific mutant strains.

Genes Required for Assembly of Pili Associated with the Helicobacter pylori cag Type IV Secretion System