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In a previous study, a novel virulence gene,bstA , identified in aSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium sequence type 313 (ST313) strain was found to be conserved in all publishedSalmonella enterica serovar Dublin genomes. In order to analyze the role of this gene in the host-pathogen interaction inS . Dublin, a mutant where this gene was deleted (S . Dublin ΔbstA ) and a mutant which was further genetically complemented withbstA (S . Dublin 3246-C) were constructed and tested in models ofin vitro andin vivo infection as well as during growth competition assays in M9 medium, Luria-Bertani broth, and cattle blood. In contrast to the results obtained for a strain ofS . Typhimurium ST313, the lack ofbstA was found to be associated with increased virulence inS . Dublin. Thus,S . Dublin ΔbstA showed higher levels of uptake than the wild-type strain during infection of mouse and cattle macrophages and higher net replication within human THP-1 cells. Furthermore, during mouse infections,S . Dublin ΔbstA was more virulent than the wild type following a single intraperitoneal infection and showed an increased competitive index during competitive infection assays. Deletion ofbstA did not affect either the amount of cytokines released by THP-1 macrophages or the cytotoxicity toward these cells. The histology of the livers and spleens of mice infected with the wild-type strain and theS . Dublin ΔbstA mutant revealed similar levels of inflammation between the two groups. The gene was not important for adherence to or invasion of human epithelial cells and did not influence bacterial growth in rich medium, minimal medium, or cattle blood. In conclusion, a lack ofbstA affects the pathogenicity ofS . Dublin by decreasing its virulence. Therefore, it might be regarded as an antivirulence gene in this serovar.

infection and immunity

The Homolog of the Gene <i>bstA</i> of the BTP1 Phage from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium ST313 Is an Antivirulence Gene in Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin

The Homolog of the Gene bstA of the BTP1 Phage from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium ST313 Is an Antivirulence Gene in Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin