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Gastrointestinal (GI) bacterial translocation in sepsis is well known, but the role ofLactobacillus species probiotics is still controversial. We evaluated the therapeutic effects ofLactobacillus rhamnosus L34 in a new sepsis model of oral administration of pathogenic bacteria with GI leakage induced by either an antibiotic cocktail (ATB) and/or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). GI leakage with ATB, DSS, and DSS plus ATB (DSS+ATB) was demonstrated by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran translocation to the circulation. The administration of pathogenic bacteria, eitherKlebsiella pneumoniae orSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, enhanced translocation. Bacteremia was demonstrated within 24 h in 50 to 88% of mice with GI leakage plus the administration of pathogenic bacteria but not with GI leakage induction alone or bacterial gavage alone.Salmonella bacteremia was found in only 16 to 29% and 0% of mice withSalmonella andKlebsiella administrations, respectively.Klebsiella bacteremia was demonstrated in 25 to 33% and 10 to 16% of mice withKlebsiella andSalmonella administrations, respectively.Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 attenuated GI leakage in these models, as shown by the reductions of FITC-dextran gut translocation, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, bacteremia, and sepsis mortality. The reduction in the amount of fecalSalmonella bacteria withLactobacillus treatment was demonstrated. In addition, an anti-inflammatory effect of the conditioned medium fromLactobacillus rhamnosus L34 was also demonstrated by the attenuation of cytokine production in colonic epithelial cellsin vitro . In conclusion,Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 attenuated the severity of symptoms in a murine sepsis model induced by GI leakage and the administration of pathogenic bacteria.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 Attenuates Gut Translocation-Induced Bacterial Sepsis in Murine Models of Leaky Gut