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The peptide AS-48 is highly active on allListeria species. It has a bactericidal and bacteriolytic mode of action onListeria monocytogenes CECT 4032, causing depletion of the membrane electrical potential and pH gradient. The producer strainEnterococcus faecalis A-48-32, releases sufficient amounts of AS-48 into the growth medium to suppressL. monocytogenes in cocultures at enterococcus-to-listeria ratios above 1 at 37°C or above 10 at 15°C. As the temperature decreases, the bactericidal effects of AS-48 are less pronounced, but at 2.5 μg/ml it still can inhibit the growth of listeria at 6°C. AS-48 is highly active on liquid cultures, although concentrations above 0.2 μg/ml are required to avoid adaptation of listeria. AS-48-adapted cells can be selected at low (but still inhibitory) concentrations, and they can be inhibited completely by AS-48 at 0.5 μg/ml. The adaptation is lost gradually upon repeated subcultivation. AS48ad cells are cross-resistant to nisin and show an increased resistance to muramidases. Their fatty acid composition is modified: they show a much higher proportion of branched fatty acids as well as a higher C15:0 An -to-C17:0 An ratio. Resistance to AS-48 is also maintained by protoplasts from AS48ad cells. Electron microscopy observations show that the cell wall of AS48ad cells is thicker and less dense. The structure of wild-type cells is severely modified after AS-48 treatment: the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane are disorganized, and the cytoplasmic content is lost. Intracytoplasmic membrane vesicles are also observed when the wild-type strain is treated with high AS-48 concentrations.

applied and environmental microbiology

Antilisterial Activity of Peptide AS-48 and Study of Changes Induced in the Cell Envelope Properties of an AS-48-Adapted Strain of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>

Antilisterial Activity of Peptide AS-48 and Study of Changes Induced in the Cell Envelope Properties of an AS-48-Adapted Strain of Listeria monocytogenes