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An alkalophilic bacterium, Bacillus sp. strain GM8901, grown at pH 10.5 and 50(deg)C, produced five alkaline amylases in culture broth. At an early stage of the bacterial growth, amylase I (Amyl I) was produced initially and then, as cultivation progressed, four alkaline amylases, Amyl II, Amyl III, Amyl IV, and Amyl V, were produced from proteolytic degradation of Amyl I. A serine protease present in the culture medium was believed to be involved in Amyl I degradation. We purified Amyl I from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulfate precipitation, heparin-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, phenyl-Toyopearl column chromatography, and Mono Q HR5/5 high-performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weight of Amyl I was estimated to be about 97,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amyl I had an extremely high optimal pH of 11.0 to 12.0 and was stable in a broad pH range of 6.0 to 13.0. Amyl I had an optimal temperature of 60(deg)C and was stable up to 50(deg)C. Thermostability was increased in the presence of Ca(sup2+) and soluble starch. The enzyme required metal ions such as Ca(sup2+), Mg(sup2+), Cu(sup2+), Co(sup2+), Ag(sup+), Zn(sup2+), and Fe(sup2+) for its enzyme activity and was inhibited by 1 mM EDTA and 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. According to the mode of action of Amyl I on starch, Amyl I was classified as an (alpha)- and exo-amylase. Amyl I produced maltotetraose predominantly from starch via intermediates such as maltohexaose and maltopentaose.

Purification and Characterization of a Maltotetraose-Forming Alkaline (alpha)-Amylase from an Alkalophilic Bacillus Strain, GM8901