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Gut microbiota fromReticulitermes flavipes termites catalyzed an H2 -dependent total synthesis of acetate from CO2 . Rates of H2 -CO2 acetogenesis in vitro were 1.11 ± 0.37 μmol of acetate g (fresh weight)−1 h−1 (equivalent to 4.44 ± 1.47 nmol termite−1 h−1 ) and could account for approximately 1/3 of all the acetate produced during the hindgut fermentation. Formate was also produced from H2 + CO2 , as were small amounts of propionate, butyrate, and lactate-succinate. However, H2 -CO2 formicogenesis seemed largely unrelated to acetogenesis and was believed not to be a significant reaction in situ. Little or no CH4 was formed from H2 + CO2 or from acetate. H2 -CO2 acetogenesis was inhibited by O2 , KCN, CHCl3 , and iodopropane and could be abolished by prefeedingR. flavipes with antibacterial drugs. By contrast, prefeedingR. flavipes with starch resulted in almost complete defaunation but had little effect on H2 -CO2 acetogenesis, suggesting that bacteria were the acetogenic agents in the gut. H2 -CO2 acetogenesis was also observed with gut microbiota fromProrhinotermes simplex, Zootermopsis angusticollis, Nasutitermes costalis , andN. nigriceps ; from the wood-eating cockroachCryptocercus punctulatus ; and from the American cockroachPeriplaneta americana. Pure cultures of H2 -CO2 -acetogenic bacteria were isolated fromN. nigriceps , and a preliminary account of their morphological and physiological properties is presented. Results indicate that in termites, CO2 reduction to acetate, rather than to CH4 , represents the main electron sink reaction of the hindgut fermentation and can provide the insects with a significant fraction (ca. 1/3) of their principal oxidizable energy source, acetate.

Acetate Synthesis from H 2 plus CO 2 by Termite Gut Microbes

Acetate Synthesis from H ₂ plus CO ₂ by Termite Gut Microbes