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In coculture,Bacteroides cellulosolvens andClostridium saccharolyticum fermented 33% more cellulose than didB. cellulosolvens alone. Also, cellulose digestion continued at a maximum rate 48 h longer in coculture.B. cellulosolvens hydrolyzes cellulose and suppliesC. saccharolyticum with sugars and a growth factor replaceable by yeast extract. Alone,B. cellulosolvens exhibited an early cessation of growth which was not due to nutrient depletion, low pH, or toxic accumulation of acetic acid, ethanol, lactic acid, H2 , CO2 , cellobiose, glucose, or xylose. However, a 1-h incubation ofB. cellulosolvens spent-culture medium withC. saacharolyticum cells starved for growth factor allowed a resumption ofB. cellulosolvens growth. The symbiotic relationship of this naturally occurring coculture is one of mutualism, in which the cellulolytic microbe supplies the saccharolytic microbe with nutrients, and in turn the saccharolytic microbe removes a secondary metabolite toxic to the primary microbe.

Symbiotic Relationship of Bacteroides cellulosolvens and Clostridium saccharolyticum in Cellulose Fermentation