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Botrytis cinerea causes pre- and postharvest decay of many fruit and vegetable crops. A survey of German strawberry fields revealedBotrytis strains that differed fromB. cinerea in diagnostic PCR markers and growth appearance. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these strains belong to an undescribed species inBotrytis clade 2, namedBotrytis fragariae sp. nov. Isolates ofB .fragariae were detected in strawberry fields throughout Germany, sometimes at frequencies similar to those ofB. cinerea , and in the southeastern United States.B .fragariae was isolated from overwintering strawberry tissue but not from freshly infected fruit.B .fragariae invaded strawberry tissues with an efficiency similar to or lower than that ofB. cinerea but showed poor colonization of inoculated nonhost plant tissues. These data and the exclusive occurrence of this fungus on strawberry plants indicate thatB .fragariae is host specific and has a tissue preference different from that ofB. cinerea . Various fungicide resistance patterns were observed inB .fragariae populations. ManyB .fragariae strains showed resistance to one or several chemical classes of fungicides and an efflux-based multidrug resistance (MDR1) phenotype previously described inB. cinerea . Resistance-related mutations inB .fragariae were identical or similar to those ofB. cinerea for carbendazim (E198A mutation intubA ), azoxystrobin (G143A incytB ), iprodione (G367A+V368F inbos1 ), and MDR1 (gain-of-function mutations in the transcription factormrr1 gene and overexpression of the drug efflux transporter geneatrB ). The widespread occurrence ofB .fragariae indicates that this species is adapted to fungicide-treated strawberry fields and may be of local importance as a gray mold pathogen alongsideB. cinerea .IMPORTANCE Gray mold is the most important fruit rot on strawberries worldwide and requires fungicide treatments for control. For a long time, it was believed to be caused only byBotrytis cinerea , a ubiquitous pathogen with a broad host range that quickly develops fungicide resistance. We report the discovery and description of a new species, namedBotrytis fragariae , that is widely distributed in commercial strawberry fields in Germany and the southeastern United States. It was observed on overwintering tissue but not on freshly infected fruit and seems host specific on the basis of its occurrence and artificial infection tests.B .fragariae has also developed resistance to several fungicides that is caused by mutations similar to those known inB. cinerea , including an efflux-based multidrug resistance. Our data indicate thatB .fragariae could be of practical importance as a strawberry pathogen in some regions where its abundance is similar to that ofB. cinerea .

Botrytisfragariae, a New Species Causing Gray Mold on Strawberries, Shows High Frequencies of Specific and Efflux-Based Fungicide Resistance