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It has been an ultimate but seemingly distant goal of nanofluidics tocontrollably fabricate capillaries with dimensions approaching the size ofsmall ions and water molecules. We report ion transport through ultimatelynarrow slits that are fabricated by effectively removing a single atomic planefrom a bulk crystal. The atomically flat angstrom-scale slits exhibit littlesurface charge, allowing elucidation of the role of steric effects. We findthat ions with hydrated diameters larger than the slit size can still permeatethrough, albeit with reduced mobility. The confinement also leads to a notableasymmetry between anions and cations of the same diameter. Our results providea platform for studying effects of angstrom-scale confinement, which isimportant for development of nanofluidics, molecular separation and othernanoscale technologies.

Size effect in ion transport through angstrom-scale slits