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There is a concern of increased public risk if 12 hr shifts are worked at locations with a large inventory of dangerous materials, such as nuclear generating stations. To explore the public risk impact, performance records of operator error and personal accident, were reviewed for temporal demography for 8 and 12 hr shifts. The first operator, a key person in the man-machine interface at nuclear generating stations, was reviewed by task analysis. From the tasks identified in preventing and recovering from nuclear accidents, generic human performance types relevant to success were developed. Because there was no 12 hr shift nuclear experience, related shift studies in similar work groups were reviewed and a central tendency of error change for each of the generic human performance types was developed. A modelled human reliability assessment of the operator indicated a doubling of human error with 12 hr shifts due to fatigue and circadian upset. The revised risk assessment indicated a 70 % increase in probability of a public accident. As a result, Ontario Hydro will not implement 12 hr shifts at nuclear generating stations, however at certain other facilities, such as fossil fueled generating stations, where public risk is not a concern, 12 hr shifts may be adopted if requested by the majority of workers involved although health and safety concerns may moderate this adoption.

The twelve-hour shift revisited: recent trends in the electric power industry.