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Reconstruction algorithms for imaging fluorescence in near infrared ranges usually normalize fluorescence light with respect to excitation light. Using this approach, we investigated the influence of absorptionand scattering heterogeneities on quantification accuracy when assuming a homogeneous model and exploredpossible reconstruction improvements by using a heterogeneous model. To do so, we created several computer simulated phantoms: a homogeneous slab phantom (P1), slab phantoms including a region with a two tosix fold increase in scattering (P2) and in absorption (P3), and an atlas based mouse phantom that modeled differentliver and lung scattering (P4). For P1, reconstruction with the wrong optical properties yielded quantification errorsthat increased almost linearly with the scattering coefficient while they were mostly negligible regarding the absorption coefficient. This observation agreed with the theoretical results. Taking the quantification of a homogeneousphantom as a reference, relative quantification errors obtained when wrongly assuming homogeneous media werein the range þ41 to þ94% (P2), 0.1 to −7% (P3), and −39 to þ44% (P4). Using a heterogeneous model, the overallerror ranged from −7 to 7%. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that assuming homogeneous media leads tonoticeable quantification errors that can be improved by adopting heterogeneous models.This study was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(FPI program, TEC 2008 06715, and CENIT AMIT CEN 20101014), Comunidad de Madrid and European Regional Development Fund ARTEMIS S2009/DPI 1802, and EU FP7 project FMTXCT 201792.Publicad

Influence of absorption and scattering on the quantification of fluorescence diffuse optical tomography using normalized data