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KOŠULIČ ONDŘEJ, HULA VLADIMÍR: Rare and remarkable spiders (Araneae) from vineyard terraces in Pálava region (South Moravia, Czech Republic). Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 3, pp. 663–676 Faunistic data of rare and remarkable spider species found in vineyard terraces around Mikulov and Popice are presented. Vineyard terraces are artifi cial – man made – habitats that were established in the eighties of the 20th century with intention of growing grapevine. Spiders were collected by pitfall traping during 30 April – 28 October 2011 and by day and night sweeping of herb vegetation in diff erent dates of 2011. Twenty two species listed in the Red List of threatened species in the Czech Republic were recorded. In vineyard terraces at the vicinity of Popice, 12 threatened species (CR – 2 species, EN – 3 species, VU – 7 species) were found altogether. In the vineyard terraces at Mikulov, we found 18 threatened spider species (CR – 3 species, EN – 7 species, VU – 8 species). Very rare and critically endangered Tibellus macellus Simon, 1875, Dysdera hungarica Kulczyński, 1897 and Cheiracanthium pennyi O. P.-Cambridge, 1873 belongs to the most signifi cant fi ndings. Besides of these threatened species, we discovered rich spectra of rare xerothermophilous spiders which created dominant and eudominant component of araneofauna – Alopecosa solitaria (Herman, 1879), Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802), Thanatus arenarius Thorell, 1872, and Ozyptila pullata (Thorell, 1875). We found that artifi cial habitats such as vineyard terraces are important as suitable habitats for a wide spectrum of xerothermophilous spiders of the Czech Republic. spiders, faunistics, vineyard terraces, rare species, Pálava region, Czech Republic In 2011, a research on selected vineyard terraces of southern Moravia was launched. These are secondary habitats created in the 70s to 80s of the 20th century for cultivation of grapevine and fruit trees. Their steepness, thermal potential, and limestone loessial substrate resulted in initiation of the succession on the terraces and creating microclimatic conditions suitable for rare steppe species. Historically, the most of the steppe species disappeared from our territory due to the negative impact of human activity, such as intensifi ed agriculture, forestation, limited coppice management, and inappropriately conducted management of protected steppe locations (Konvička et al., 2005, 2006), but also because of the absence of traditional management of these currently abandoned locations – burning, grazing etc. It is therefore more than desirable to explore and promote the management of habitats that can replace the natural habitats of rare xerothermophilic species and their suitable ecological conditions by creating suitable habitats in an otherwise unifi ed and intensively cultivated landscape of the Czech Republic (Tropek et al., 2010; Košulič & Hula, 2012). Moreover, though araneofauna in the Czech Republic is well explored (Buchar & Růžička, 2002; Růžička & Buchar, 2008), agriculture habitats, including vineyard terraces, were generally rather neglected by arachnologists. From South Moravia, just few works from sugar beet fi elds (Miller, 1974), sunfl ower fi elds (Pekár, 2005), and apple orchards exist (Pekár et al., 1997; Pekár & Kocourek, 2004). Further, habitats of sinkholes situated in diff erent agrocenoses of Moravian Karst were also 664 Ondřej Košulič, Vladimír Hula investigated (Horáková, 2005; Hula et al., 2012). From the Slovak Republic, arachnofauna research from the vineyards located in the vicinity of Svätý Jur near Bratislava is known (Gajdoš & Dankaninová, 2010). Spiders of vineyard terraces in the Czech Republic have not been studied so far, there is only one paper including faunistic data from vineyards around Pálava (Bryja et al., 2005). This publication summarized knowledge of arachnofauna occurring in the Lower Morava Biosphere Reserve, Pálava PLA, and adjacent localities. This includes the investigated areas of our research, therefore, a signifi cant part of faunistic fi ndings was compared with this work. The present publication thus shows faunistic data of rare species of xerothermophilic spiders found on the vineyard terraces around Mikulov and Popice, an area that is geographically strongly infl uenced by Pavlov Hills massif belonging to the Pálava Protected Landscape Area. MATERIAL AND METHODS Description of studied sites We have studied spider fauna of two localities situated in the Pannonian region of southern Moravia (Czech Republic) – vineyard terraces near following settlements (faunistic squares according to Pruner & Míka, 1996): Popice (7066, 48°56’11”N, 16°40’58”E) and Mikulov (7165, GPS 48°49’91”N, 16°37’35”E). The examined vineyard at Mikulov (Fig. 1) is under integrated pest management (total area of 10,92 ha) and is located in the vicinity of the Růžový kopec NM. Area of the vineyards is situated in Pálava PLA, in essence, it creates a border of the protected area. Vineyard terraces around Popice are under organic-ecological farming (total area of 10 ha). It means that in the vineyards, it is forbidden to use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, except selective herbicides (Nascimbene et al., 2012). Alleyways are greened up by grasses with a mixture of fl owering plants. In the vicinity of vineyard terraces, there are orchards and agrocenoses (Fig. 2). The Pouzdřanská step – Kolby NNR is located 2000 m to the west. Collecting and determination of material We used pitfall traps as a primary collecting method supplemented by sweeping of herb vegetation. We have chosen four lines of three pitfall traps in each of the examined locality. Two lines were placed on the slopes with a disturbed grass turf and sparse vegetation (Plot 1 and Plot 3). The other two lines were placed on the relatively overgrown slopes with continuous vegetation cover (dense grass turf) (Plot 2 and Plot 4). Pitfall traps were situated on each plot in the centre of slope and in the lower and upper bottom of the slope (Figs 3–4). Traps were installed on 30 April 2011 and emptied at regular monthly intervals from May to October 2011 (29 May, 30 June, 29 July, 26 August, 25 September, and 25 October). We used 4% formaldehyde solution as fi xative fl uid. On every collecting plot, we used day and night sweeping of herb vegetation alongside of the each of the pitfall traps line (Figs. 3–4). We used this method in 2011 in the following dates: day sweeping – 30 April, 25 May, 30 June, 30 July, 26 August, 25 September, 28 October; night sweeping – 20 May, 10 1: Marked border of the vineyard terraces at Mikulov with a location on the grid map of the Czech Republic (www.mapy.cz) Rare and remarkable spiders (Araneae) from vineyard terraces in Pálava region (South Moravia, Czech Republic) 665 2: Marked border of the vineyard terraces at Popice with a location on the grid map of the Czech Republic (www.mapy.cz) 3: Locality Mikulov. Position of collecting transects (white line – transect of three pitfall traps, red dashed line – area used for sweeping method) (www.mapy.cz) 666 Ondřej Košulič, Vladimír Hula July and 23 August. A er collection, the obtained material was preserved in 70% ethanol. All spider material was determined to species level by means of literature: Miller (1971), Heimer & Nentwig (1991), Roberts (1995), Nentwig et al. (2011). Nomenclature and arrangement of families, genera and species follow the most recent version of the World Spider Catalog 13.5 (Platnick, 2013). Majority of the species were determined by Ondřej Košulič and Vladimír Hula. Morphologically complicated taxa were revised and determined by Jan Dolanský (JD) – family Miturgidae and Milan Řezáč (MŘ) – family Dysderidae. Specimens of Tibellus macellus were revised and confi rmed by Vítězslav Bryja (VB). All of the examined material is deposited in collection of Ondřej Košulič. Comments and ecological preferences of are based mainly on Buchar & Růžička (2002) and Bryja et al., (2005). For each of the discovered species the following characteristics (according to Buchar & Růžička, 2002; Růžička & Buchar, 2008; Růžička, 2005) are mentioned: Originality of habitat: C (Climax preferences), SN (Seminatural habitats) Thermopreferences: T (Thermophyticum), M (Mesophyticum) Occurrence level: S (Scarce), R (Rare species), VR (Very rare species) Conservation status: CR (Critically endangered), EN (Endangered), VU (Vulnerable) Vulnerability: LR (Lower risk) The abbreviations of protected locations and collecting methods are as follows: PLA (Protected Landscape Area), NNR (National Nature Reserve), NNM (National Nature Monument), NR (Nature Reserve), NM (National Monument) Pitfall trapping (pt), Day sweeping (ds), Night sweeping (ns). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Concerning the Red List of threatened species in the Czech Republic (Růžička, 2005), 22 species belonging to the categories CR, EN and VU were found altogether (Tab. I). We found 18 species of Red List of threatened species in the vineyard terraces around Mikulov (CR – 3 species, EN – 7 species, VU – 8 species). In vineyard terraces at the vicinity of Popice, 12 threatened species were found altogether (CR – 2 species, EN – 3 species, VU – 7 species). The most signifi cant fi ndings include the discovery of Tibellus macellus Simon, 1875. This species is known only from the Pouzdřanská step – Kolby NNR, where it was discovered by Prof. Miller in the 60s of the 20th century (Kůrka, 1997). Recently, it was found again in 2004 (Bryja et al., 2005). Its fi ndings on the vineyard terraces near Mikulov and Popice are the third and fourth records of this species in the Czech Republic. Regarding the assessment of rare species abundance, a very great occurrence of several signifi cant bioindicative species was reported for each studied site (Tab. II). Among dominant and eudominant representatives belong following species: rare Thanatus arenar