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SŤASTNA, P.: Diversity of ground beetles (Carabidae) in the plantations of fast growing trees. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 6, pp. 309–316 The species diversity of ground beetles (Carabidae) was monitored in the plantations of fast growing trees (poplars and willows) in the District of Žďar nad Sazavou, Czech Republic (faunistic square 6463). Relations between age and type of vegetation and biodiversity were observed. Samples were collected from pitfall traps at monthly intervals from May to October in 2008. In total, 36 species of Carabidae represented by 912 specimens were entrapped in the 4 monitored plots. Basic synecologic characteristics (dominance, species diversity, evenness and Jaccard similarity index) were evaluated. The most numerous species in the plot No. 1 was Abax parallelepipedus (99 specimens), in the plot No. 2 Limodromus assimilis (112 specimens), in the plot No. 3 Amara montivaga (32 specimens) and in the plot No. 4 Poecilus cupreus (52 specimens). The majority of adaptable species was recorded in the plot No. 1, which signifi es a well-regenerated secondary biotope. Shannon’s diversity index (2.78) were the highest in the plot No. 3, and the highest evenness was also in the plot No. 3 (0.84). The highest similarity expressed by the Jaccard similarity index was observed between the plots No. 2 and 4, the lowest between the plots No. 1 and 3. Fast growing trees plantations host similar fauna of ground beetles as the surrounding agroecosystems with eurytopic species dominating. Specifi c species of cultivated trees do not probably signifi cantly aff ect the species composition of ground beetles, but the density of vegetation can aff ect the abundance of species present. Two threatened species of (Brachinus explodens and Cicindela campestris) according to Decree No. 395/1992 Coll. were identifi ed in the monitored plots. Carabidae, fast growing trees, synecologic characteristics Limited reserves of fossil fuels lead to exploatation of other sources of energy among which the most signifi cant is the use of biomass (Noskievic et al., 1996). Its utilization is studied by phytoenergetics (Zimolka, 2004). Fast growing trees are perceived as a very suitable energy source (Celjak & Bohac, 2008; Celjak, 2010). The most common range of species are genera Populus and Salix. The aim of plantation cultivation is to exhaust the maximum production of biomass from the smallest area possible. Therefore trees are planted in straight rows at regular distances, to facilitate subsequent care and harvesting. In case these crops will be widely planted in the future, it is necessary to evaluate their impact on the habitat itself and its surroundings in detail, especially with regard to the level of biodiversity. According to Bohac (2008), biodiversity in energy crop plantations may be aff ected both positively and negatively. Plantations may increase the overall biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, if they provide refuge to some mammals and birds, predatory and parasitic species of invertebrates, especially insects attacking crop pests. On the other hand, these plantations can host some invasive species or pests. The biodiversity in plantations of fast growing trees has been studied by many authors, e. g. Liesebach & Mecke (2003), Ulrich et al. (2004), Semere & Slater (2007a, 2007b), Bohac et al. (2007), Jahnova (2009), and Havlickova & Kasparova (2010). Diff erences in gross indicators of vegetation biodiversity from forest or agricultural ecosystems should establish the suitability of planting fastgrowing trees in the vicinity of near-natural habitats.