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MASICEK, T., TOMAN, F., VICANOVA M.: Comparison of infi ltration capacity of permanent grassland and arable land during the 2011 growing season. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 6, pp. 257–266 The aim of this paper was to compare the rate of infi ltration and cumulative infi ltration in permanent grassland (PG) and in arable land over the course of the 2011 growing season. The measurement of water infi ltration into soil was conducted via ponded infi ltration method based on the use of two concentric cylinders in fi eld conditions. Kostiakov equations were applied to evaluate the ponded infi ltration. Based on fi eld measurements, the dependence of infi ltration rate (v) on time (t) was determined and also the dependence of cumulative infi ltration (i) on time (t). In order to determine physical properties of soil and carry out a grain size analysis, intact soil samples of plough layer from the depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm were collected using Kopecký cylinders along with individual infi ltration attempt in each measurement carried out on experimental plots. In order to assess the infi ltration capacity of soil on experimental plots, four measurements were conducted, each with three repetitions. Infi ltration attempts were held on May 12, June 28, August 24 and October 6, 2011. On average, a faster water infi ltration into soil and a higher cumulative infi ltration during the 2011 growing period were detected in arable land. The soil’s initial water content has proven to be the crucial factor aff ecting the rate of water infi ltration into soil in case of PG; in case of arable land, it was bulk density indicating the soil’s compaction. The PG showed a more balanced course of infi ltration rate and cumulative infi ltration values during the growing season. Arable land is characterized by a greater dispersion of measured values between individual measurement dates. infi ltration rate, cumulative infi ltration, ponded infi ltration method, Kostiakov equations, hydrophysical properties of soil, permanent grassland, arable land Hydrological cycle is one of the basic preconditions of life’s existence on Earth. Within this cycle, the water present in the atmosphere gets into contact with the soil in the form of precipitation. Water may become a benefi cial or a harmful agent based on how and in what quantities it can be absorbed by soil. The soil’s infi ltration capacity, i.e. the ability of soil to absorb water from rainfall, is infl uenced by many factors relating mainly to the actual properties of the soil, climatic conditions and also to human activity and human interventions in the landscape. An unbalanced water cycle in nature, especially a rapid outfl ow of water from the soil surface, results in alternating fl oods and droughts, which is related to soil degradation as well. Increasing the soil‘s ability to retain and accumulate water in the landscape is the fundamental solution to the issue of retention capacity of soil and landscape and its ecological functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Characteristics of experimental territory The studied area „U Jasana“ is located in Ceskomoravska vrchovina, 7 km south of Žďar nad Sazavou on the southern border of Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Žďarske vrchy (CHKO Žďarske vrchy), between the villages of Vatin and Sazomin in the Sazomin cadastral area (Fig. 1). The 258 Masicek, T., Toman, F., Vicanova, M. experimental plots, located in close proximity, of slightly sloping gradient with an omni-directional exposition, are being used by the Ostrov nad Oslavou collective farm. According to the Atlas of Weather of the Czech Republic (Tolasz et al., 2007), the average annual air temperature in the territory of interest ranges between 6–7 °C, the average annual rainfall reaches 600–650 mm in the long-term. Based on Quitt classifi cation (1971), the territory of interest falls within the MT4 climate region (mildly warm area). According to the classifi cation of climatic zones taken from the Atlas of Weather of the Czechoslovakia, the area of interest ranks among slightly warm regions, slightly moist sub-region, slightly warm district, slightly moist, upland (Vesecký et al., 1958). The studied area is located in the Oslava river basin falling within the Žďarske vrchy geomorphological sub-unit (Culek et al., 1996). The experimental area is situated at an altitude of 560 m. The code of valued soil-ecological unit (BPEJ) is 07.29.11 for the plots of interest. According to the Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 327/1998 Coll. stipulating the characteristics of valued soil ecological units and the procedure for keeping and updating these, as amended by Decree No. 546/2002 Coll., this code expresses the following characteristics: • climate region: MT4, mildly warm, moist, • main soil unit: modal, eubasic to mesobasic Cambisols, medium-heavy to medium-heavy lighter, without skeleton to medium skeletal with prevailing good moisture conditions, • gradient: moderate slope (3–7 °), • exposition: omnidirectional, • skeleton: non-skeletal with an admixture, slightly skeletal, • depth: deep, medium-deep. Experiments were carried out in permanent grassland (PG) and arable land with stand Triticale grenado. Following the harvest of the previous crop (Biscay wheat), which took place at the end of August 2010, stubble under-ploughing was carried out followed by ploughing in mid-September. Immediately a er the pre-sowing soil preparation using a compactor on October 1, the sowing of triticale was carried out followed by the soil surface compaction and spraying herbicides. In spring 2011, a regeneration fertilization was carried out using ammonium nitrate with limestone (March 15), followed by production fertilization using ammonium nitrate with urea (April 28). A fungicide spray was applied on May 11. Harvesting took place on August 21, followed by stubble under-ploughing, manure spreading and ploughing on September 25. The PG was fertilized using ammonium sulphate (April 6) and liquid manure, in two doses (April 13, June 18). Mowing of the growth took place on May 18, June 14 and August 31, followed by harvesting hay on the following day.

Comparison of infiltration capacity of permanent grassland and arable land during the 2011 growing season