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SVĚTLIK, M.: Quality evaluation of rapeseed oils used as engine fuels. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 1, pp. 125–136 Samples from six reference decentralised facilities and one industrial production unit of rapeseed oils were taken for the evaluation of the infl uence of production processes to the properties specifi ed in the technical standard; in the laboratories, the properties limited by the standard for rapeseed oils were determined. In addition, long-term monitoring of changes in the oxidation stability in the storage test of rapeseed oils additived in the quantities of 200, 400 and 600 mg.kg−1 of the Baynox antioxidant was started. The results confi rmed that the critical points in the rapeseed oil production process consist in the contamination with ash-forming elements, such as phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and overall impurities. Not only in the case of hot pressing, but also in two-step cold pressing of rapeseed it is necessary to reduce the content of ash-forming elements using additional processes, such as degumming, neutralisation and whitening. The safety step consisting of fi ltration down to maximum particle size of 1 μm must be always in place before the oil distribution. A positive eff ect of the Baynox antioxidant was clearly proved. As 200 mg.kg−1 of Baynox was added, the oxidation stability value increased from 8 to 9.05 hrs immediately a er the pressing with a consequent decrease to 6 hrs a er 270 days. With using of addition 400 ppm Baynox decreased oxidation stability under 6 hours not until a er 390 days of storage. With addition 600 ppm Baynox the oxidation stability of rapeseed oil even a er 510 days of storage makes 6.5 hours. The quality monitoring brought about necessary fi ndings and knowledge for the optimisation of the rapeseed oil production and distribution as engine fuels. In addition, it serves as an initial supporting document for the creation of the necessary quality control system. rapseed oil, oxidation stability, biofuels, engine fuels In compliance with the principle of using the biomass as effi ciently as possible in the place of its origin and minimise thus negative infl uences of its transport, oil seeds are processed, apart from the industrial oil-extracting plants, also in decentralised facilities. The processing of oil seed in the decentralised facilities includes treatment of an oleipherous plant, such as crushing, peeling and pre-heating, pressing by a screw press and, in addition, purifi cation of the raw oil obtained in this way, mostly by a fi ltration process. The oils obtained in this way and purported for alimentary and industrial purposes must meet the current quality standards limiting their physico-chemical properties and, as the case may be, other associated requirements. In the local and regional view, the standard rapeseed oil represents a prospective fuel for not only modifi ed combustion engines in mobile means of transport but also for similar, powergenerating engines working in a stationary mode and suitably coupled with the decentralised rapeseed processing facilities. A basic prerequisite for the application of such fuels on the market is to set up successfully a necessary quality control system. To survey the rapeseed oil quality, available on the market, oil samples were periodically taken from several oil mills and analyzed (REMMELE, 2007; REMMELE, GASSNER, STOTZ, 2008). Further more, experiments on a small scale pilot oil mill were accomplished to investigate the eff ect of seed variety and quality on rapeseed oil fuel properties.