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Propolis is a plant-derived substance collected by stingless bee’s product from various sources, including plant resins with combination of bee’s saliva and wax. Propolis has been used to treat several diseases since ancient times and it is an important source of bioactive natural compound and drug derivatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate biological and chemical profiles of ethanolic extracts from propolis produced by Heterotrigona itama (HI), Geniotrigona thoracica (GT), Lepidotrigona terminate (LT), and Tretrigona apicalis (TA). Cytotoxicity activity was evaluated by using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-YI)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay against three cancer cell lines. H. itama extracts showed the highest cytotoxicity effect with of 5 µg/mL, 4 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL for MDA-MB-231, SK-UT-1 and HeLa, respectively. Other species only possessed moderate to weak cytotoxicity effect against tested cells. Phytochemical screening was carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis and visualized by derivatives agents in order to detect the presence of terpenoids, steroids, saponins, essential oils and phenol. It  was found that H. itama (HI) possessed the highest antioxidant activity with the lowest  of 30 µg/mL with percetange of inhibition at 85.69 % evaluated by (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) DPPH scaveging assay. In conclusion, bee species was considered as important factor in selecting the quality of propolis. It was found that H. itama produced the most active extract compared to other species. The data obtained from this study would be the basis for further investigation on therapeutic application especially for cytotoxic activity, antioxidant and phytochemical screenings for four Malaysian stingless bees of propolis.

Cytotoxicity, antioxidant and phytochemical screening of propolis extracts from four different Malaysian stingless bee species