Open AccessDetection of compact radio emission from Circinus X‐1 with the first Southern hemisphere e‐VLBI experiment
Author(s) -
Phillips C. J.,
Deller A.,
Amy S. W.,
Tingay S. J.,
Tzioumis A. K.,
Reynolds J. E.,
Jauncey D. L.,
Stevens J.,
Ellingsen S. P.,
Dickey J.,
Fender R. P.,
Tudose V.,
Nicolson G. D.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
monthly notices of the royal astronomical society: letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.067
H-Index - 122
eISSN - 1745-3933
pISSN - 1745-3925
DOI - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00339.x
Subject(s) - physics , very long baseline interferometry , astrophysics , interstellar medium , astronomy , flux (metallurgy) , galaxy , southern hemisphere , materials science , metallurgy
ABSTRACT Circinus X‐1 has recently returned to a state of strong radio flaring. Here we report on the first VLBI observations, and detection, undertaken in the 25 years since the 1975–1985 period of strong recurrent flaring activity. We detected Circinus X‐1 with the first observations conducted by a recently developed Southern hemisphere e‐VLBI array, at both 1.6 and 8.4 GHz, over a three‐day period. At 1.6 GHz, the compact source has a total flux density of 11 mJy and a size of 60 ± 15 mas (Gaussian model full width at half maximum). At 8.4 GHz, the compact source is less than 60 mas. The size variation with frequency is consistent with a broadened image due to scattering in the turbulent, ionized interstellar medium of our Galaxy. However, these size measurements appear inconsistent with the λ 2.2 variation expected for strong interstellar scattering and previous VLBI observations made at 2.3 GHz in the early 1980s. To explain this apparent inconsistency, we suggest that Circinus X‐1 supports a weak, non‐varying component of 35 mas extent (175 au at 5 kpc distance), corresponding to compact structure in the extended radio nebula. No significant variation in the flux density at 1.6 GHz is evident between two observations 24 h apart. No jet‐like structures are evident on scales of tens of mas, simply a scatter broadened source, presumably coincident with the suggested neutron star in the binary system.