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The gravitational properties of a torus are investigated. It is shown that a torus can be formed from test particles orbiting in the gravitational field of a central mass. In this case, a toroidal distribution is achieved because of the significant spread of inclinations and eccentricities of the orbits. To investigate the self‐gravity of the torus we consider the  N ‐body problem for a torus located in the gravitational field of a central mass. It is shown that in the equilibrium state the cross‐section of the torus is oval with a Gaussian density distribution. The dependence of the obscuring efficiency on torus inclination is found.

N ‐body simulation of a clumpy torus: application to active galactic nuclei