English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The sensitivity of a THz hot-electron nanobolometer (nano-HEB) made from a normal metal is analyzed. Johnson Noise Thermometry (JNT) is employed as a readout technique. In contrast to its superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) counterpart, the normal-metal nano-HEB can operate at any cryogenic temperature depending on the required radiation background limited Noise Equivalent Power (NEP). It does not require bias lines; 100s of nano-HEBs can be read by a single low-noise <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$X$</tex> </formula>-band amplifier via a filter bank channelizer. The modeling predicts that even with the sensitivity penalty due to the amplifier noise, an <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm NEP}{\sim} 10^{-20}{\hbox{--}}10^{-19}{\hbox{W/Hz}}^{1/2}$</tex> </formula> can be expected at 50&#x2013;100 mK in 10&#x2013;20 nm thin titanium (Ti) normal metal HEBs with niobium (Nb) contacts. This NEP is fairly constant over a range of readout frequencies <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim$</tex></formula> 10 GHz. Although materials with weaker electron-phonon coupling (bismuth, graphene) do not improve the minimum achievable NEP, they can be considered if a larger than 10 GHz readout bandwidth is required.

Normal-Metal Hot-Electron Nanobolometer With Johnson Noise Thermometry Readout