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The time students spend in a learning management system (LMS) is an important measurement in learning analytics (LA). One of the most common data sources is log files from LMS, which do not directly reveal the online time, the duration of which needs to be estimated. As this measurement has a great impact on the results of statistical models in LA, its estimation is crucial. In the literature, there are many strategies for estimating the duration, which do not represent the actual online time of the students. In this article, we combine LMS log files of our students with parallel screen recordings and automatically analyze for how long the LMS is present in the video. We visualize the results and show that common online time estimation strategies do not represent the online time for our students accurately. By using modified online time estimation methods, we find estimations that fit the data of our students better on an individual basis.

Are You Still There? An Exploratory Case Study on Estimating Students’ LMS Online Time by Combining Log Files and Screen Recordings