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This paper presents a simplified supercapacitor model and a universal adaptive stabilization, optimization (UAS+O) based parameter identification technique. Analytic solutions for the description of supercapacitors current, voltage, subject to cyclic voltage and current sources of varying amplitudes and frequency, consistent with electric vehicle driving cycles, are developed. Supercapacitor I-V relationships show hysteresis, indicating simultaneous energy storage and dissipation mechanisms. A reduced equivalent circuit model is proposed to accurately represent hysteresis I-V characteristics. The proposed UAS+O based technique for estimating model parameters, is supported by mathematical proofs, simulation, and experimental results.

Supercapacitor Characterization Using Universal Adaptive Stabilization and Optimization