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The recent decrease in battery manufacturing costs stimulates the market participation of utility-scale battery energy storage systems (BESSs). However, battery degradation remains a major concern for BESS owners while determining their BESS investment and operation strategies. This paper studies the impact of battery degradation on BESS&#x0027;s operation and revenue/cost in real-time energy, reserve, and pay as performance regulation markets. Comparative case studies are performed on two optimization frameworks which model the participation of a price-maker BESS in energy and ancillary services markets with and without considering battery degradation cost. A synthetic test system built upon real-world data is adopted in the case studies. Analyses reveal that degradation cost plays an important role in the scheduling of BESSs and should not be neglected. Several potential enhancements to the optimization frameworks are discussed based on the performed analyses.

Impact of Battery Degradation on Market Participation of Utility-Scale Batteries: Case Studies