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From our other works, we have developed urea biosensor based on graphene oxide/nickel oxide sensing film modified either by Au nanoparticles or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\gamma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. In this study, we have further developed back-end calibration circuit to reduce the drift effect and hysteresis effect of the two types of the urea biosensors. The back-end calibration circuit is composed of non-inverting amplifiers, error amplifiers, P-MOSFET transmission transistor, feedback networks, output voltage capacitors and resistor dividers. After applying the back-end calibration circuit, the drift rate of urea biosensor modified by Au NPs is reduced from 3.06 mV/hr to 0.28 mV/hr, which is 90.85&#x0025; reduction. The drift rate of urea biosensor modified by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\gamma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe2O3 NPs is reduced from 3.92 mV/hr to 0.57 mV/hr, which is 85.46&#x0025; reduction. Through the back-end calibration circuit to reduce the hysteresis effect, the hysteresis voltage for the forward cycle and reverse cycle of the urea biosensor modified by Au NPs are reduced by 26&#x0025; and 30&#x0025;, respectively. The hysteresis voltage for the forward cycle and reverse cycle of the urea biosensor modified by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\gamma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe2O3 NPs are reduced by 23&#x0025; and 28&#x0025;, respectively.

ieee journal of the electron devices society

Improving the Drift Effect and Hysteresis Effect of Urea Biosensor Based on Graphene Oxide/Nickel Oxide Sensing Film Modified Either by Au Nanoparticles or <italic>&#x03B3;</italic>-Fe&#x2082;O&#x2083; Nanoparticles Using Back-End Calibration Circuit

Improving the Drift Effect and Hysteresis Effect of Urea Biosensor Based on Graphene Oxide/Nickel Oxide Sensing Film Modified Either by Au Nanoparticles or γ-Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticles Using Back-End Calibration Circuit