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This paper presents a method for sidelobe level (SLL) reduction, return loss improvement, and bandwidth enhancement in notch-loaded TM<sub>30</sub> mode rectangular patch antennas. In this method, a fractal-slot is introduced in the center of notch-loaded patch to remove the unwanted out-of-phase current regions. It is shown that a combination of the fractal-slot and notch loading technique can achieve significant improvement in SLL, return loss, and bandwidth of notch-loaded TM<sub>30</sub> mode without compromising gain or symmetry of radiation patterns. Moreover, the method also gives an additional degree of freedom to improve the impedance matching without changing the feed location. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated to verify the proposed method. The proposed antenna shows a measured gain of 13 dBi with a low SLL of &#x2212;16 dB. Furthermore, it shows symmetrical patterns in both planes with cross-polarization (X-pol) levels of less than 35 dB. An under-sampled <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array of the proposed antenna is also presented by utilizing its low SLL property to simplify the complexity of feed networks in high gain array antennas. The array offers the same directivity and SLL as that of an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array of fundamental mode rectangular patch elements in the same area.

Improving the Sidelobe Level, Return Loss and Bandwidth of Notch-Loaded TM30 Mode Patch via Fractal-Slot

Improving the Sidelobe Level, Return Loss and Bandwidth of Notch-Loaded TM₃₀ Mode Patch via Fractal-Slot