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Purpose - Most industrial robots are still programmed using the typicalteaching process, through the use of the robot teach pendant. This is a tediousand time-consuming task that requires some technical expertise, and hence newapproaches to robot programming are required. The purpose of this paper is topresent a robotic system that allows users to instruct and program a robot witha high-level of abstraction from the robot language.  Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents in detail a robotic systemthat allows users, especially non-expert programmers, to instruct and program arobot just showing it what it should do, in an intuitive way. This is doneusing the two most natural human interfaces (gestures and speech), a forcecontrol system and several code generation techniques. Special attention willbe given to the recognition of gestures, where the data extracted from a motionsensor (three-axis accelerometer) embedded in the Wii remote controller wasused to capture human hand behaviours. Gestures (dynamic hand positions) aswell as manual postures (static hand positions) are recognized using astatistical approach and artificial neural networks.  Practical implications - The key contribution of this paper is that it offersa practical method to program robots by means of gestures and speech, improvingwork efficiency and saving time.  Originality/value - This paper presents an alternative to the typical robotteaching process, extending the concept of human-robot interaction andco-worker scenario. Since most companies do not have engineering resources tomake changes or add new functionalities to their robotic manufacturing systems,this system constitutes a major advantage for small- to medium-sizedenterprises.

High-level programming and control for industrial robotics: using a hand-held accelerometer-based input device for gesture and posture recognition