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The temporal evolution of the magnetic field associated with electron thermalWeibel instability in optical-field ionized plasmas is measured usingultrashort (1.8 ps), relativistic (45 MeV) electron bunches from a linearaccelerator. The self-generated magnetic fields are found to self-organize intoa quasi-static structure consistent with a helicoid topology within a few psand such a structure lasts for tens of ps in underdense plasmas. The measuredgrowth rate agrees well with that predicted by the kinetic theory of plasmastaking into account collisions. Magnetic trapping is identified as the dominantsaturation mechanism.

Measurements of the growth and saturation of electron Weibel instability in optical-field ionized plasmas