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We report on a quantum electrodynamic (QED) investigation of the interactionbetween a ground state atom with another atom in an excited state. Generalexpressions, applicable to any atom, are indicated for the long-range tailswhich are due to virtual resonant emission and absorption into and from vacuummodes whose frequency equals the transition frequency to available lower-lyingatomic states. For identical atoms, one of which is in an excited state, wealso discuss the mixing term which depends on the symmetry of the two-atom wavefunction (these evolve into either the gerade or the ungerade state for closeapproach), and we include all nonresonant states in our rigorous QED treatment.In order to illustrate the findings, we analyze the fine-structure resolved vander Waals interaction for nD-1S hydrogen interactions with n=8,10,12 and findsurprisingly large numerical coefficients.

Virtual Resonant Emission and Oscillatory Long-Range Tails in van der Waals Interactions of Excited States: QED Treatment and Applications