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We show theoretically that near a fluid-fluid interface a single activecolloidal particle generating, e.g., chemicals or a temperature gradientexperiences an effective force of hydrodynamic origin. This force is due to thefluid flow driven by Marangoni stresses induced by the activity of theparticle; it decays very slowly with the distance from the interface, and canbe attractive or repulsive depending on how the activity modifies the surfacetension. We show that, for typical systems, this interaction can dominate thedynamics of the particle as compared to Brownian motion, dispersion forces, orself-phoretic effects. In the attractive case, the interaction promotes theself-assembly of particles into a crystal-like monolayer at the interface.

Effective interaction between active colloids and fluid interfaces induced by Marangoni flows