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As the deepest group V donor in Si, Bi has by far the largest hyperfineinteraction, and also a large I=9/2 nuclear spin. At zero field this splits thedonor ground state into states having total spin 5 and 4, which are fullyresolved in the photoluminescence spectrum of Bi donor bound excitons. Under amagnetic field, the 60 expected allowed transitions cannot be individuallyresolved, but the effects of the nuclear spin distribution, -9/2 <= I_z <= 9/2,are clearly observed. A strong hyperpolarization of the nuclear spin, with signopposite to the expected equilibrium polarization, is observed to result fromthe nonresonant optical excitation. This is very similar to the recentlyreported optical hyperpolarization of P donors observed by EPR at highermagnetic fields. We introduce a new model to explain this effect, and predictthat it may be very fast.

Hyperfine structure and nuclear hyperpolarization observed in the bound exciton luminescence of Bi donors in natural Si