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Measurement of the life time of attachments formed by a single microtubule(MT) with a single kinetochore (kt) {\it in-vitro} under force-clamp conditionshad earlier revealed a catch-bond-like behavior. In the past the physicalorigin of this apparently counter-intuitive phenomenon was traced to the natureof the force-dependence of the (de-)polymerization kinetics of the MTs. Herefirst the same model MT-kt attachment is subjected to external tension thatincreases linearly with time until rupture occurs. In our {\it force-ramp}experiments {\it in-silico}, the model displays the well known `mechanicalsignatures' of a catch-bond probed by molecular force spectroscopy. Exploitingthis new evidence, we have further strengthened the analogy between MT-ktattachments and common ligand-receptor bonds in spite of the crucialdifferences in their underlying physical mechanisms. We then extend theformalism to model the stochastic kinetics of an attachment formed by a bundleof multiple parallel microtubules with a single kt considering the effect ofrebinding under force-clamp and force-ramp conditions. From numerical studiesof the model we predict the trends of variation of the mean life time and meanrupture force with the increasing number of MTs in the bundle. Both the meanlife time and the mean rupture force display nontrivial nonlinear dependence onthe maximum number of MTs that can attach simultaneously to the same kt.

physical review. e

Molecular force spectroscopy of kinetochore-microtubule attachment {\it  in silico}: Mechanical signatures of an unusual catch bond and collective  effects