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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is theoretically secure using the principle ofquantum mechanics; therefore, QKD is a promising solution for the future ofsecure communication. Although several experimental demonstrations of QKD havebeen reported, they have not considered the polarization-dependent loss instate preparation in the key-rate estimation. In this study, we experimentallycharacterized polarization-dependent loss in realistic state-preparationdevices and verified that a considerable PDL exists in fiber- and silicon-basedpolarization modulators. Hence, the security of such QKD systems is compromisedbecause of the secure key rate overestimation. Furthermore, we report adecoy-state BB84 QKD experiment considering polarization-dependent loss.Finally, we achieved rigorous finite-key security bound over up to 75 km fiberlinks by applying a recently proposed security proof. This study considers morerealistic source flaws than most previous experiments; thus, it is crucialtoward a secure QKD with imperfect practical devices.

Experimental secure quantum key distribution in presence of polarization-dependent loss