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We report on direct feedback cooling of single nanoparticles in an opticallattice to near their motional ground state. We find that the laser phase noisetriggers severe heating of nanoparticles' motion along the optical lattice.When the laser phase noise is decreased by orders of magnitude, the heatingrate is reduced and accordingly the occupation number is lowered to aboutthree. We establish a model directly connecting the heating rate and themeasured laser phase noise and elucidates that the occupation number under thelowest laser phase noise in our system is limited only by photon recoilheating. Our results show that the reduction of the laser phase noise near theoscillation frequency of nanoparticles is crucial for bringing them near theground state and pave the way to sensitive accelerometers and quantummechanical experiments with ultracold nanoparticles in an optical lattice.

Recoil-limited feedback cooling of single nanoparticles near the ground state in an optical lattice