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By performing a joint theoretical and experimental investigation on thehigh-order above-threshold ionization (HATI) spectrum, the dominant role of the3rd-return-recollision trajectories in the region near the cutoff due to theionic Coulomb field is identified. This invalidates the key assumption adoptedin the conventional laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED) approach that the1st-returnrecollision trajectories dominate the spectrum according to strongfield approximation (SFA). Our results show that the incident (return) electronbeams produced by the 1st and 3rd returns possess distinct characteristics ofbeam energy, beam diameter and temporal evolution law due to the influence ofCoulomb field, and therefore the extracted results in the LIED will be alteredif the significance of the 3rd-return-recollision trajectories is properlyconsidered in the analysis. Such Coulomb field effect should be taken intoaccount in all kinds of laser-induced imaging schemes based on recollision.

The effect of Coulomb field on laser-induced ultrafast imaging methods