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Secondary metabolites of plants have a variety of bioactivities, and ultraviolet light is known to affect the production of such bioactivities. Mulberry is one of the most useful plants as it contains various kinds of useful ingredients. In this study, to investigate changes in the secondary metabolites of mulberry leaves upon UV irradiation, the leaves were untarget analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the acquired scan data were profiled by using a bioinformatics computer program, i.e., the XCMS package of R. The resulting data profile showed that at least 35 kinds of metabolites were changed quantitatively by UV-C irradiation. Fourteen of them were identified by isolation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum comparison or by targeted analysis. Subsequent quantitative target analysis of the identified compounds showed increases in morin (464-fold), oxyresveratrol (256-fold), 2,3-trans-dihydromorin (170-fold), 2′,4′,2,4-tetrahydroxychalcone (120-fold), catechin (84-fold), 4′-prenyloxyresveratrol (43-fold), and moracin M (35-fold) as a result of UV-C irradiation. In addition, UV-C-irradiated mulberry leaves showed increased antioxidative activity (2.1-2.4-fold) and increased tyrosinase inhibitory activity (2.3-fold) compared to that of the control. The results of this study show that irradiation with ultraviolet light can improve the functionality of mulberry leaves. Thus, it may be a useful means of improving the utility value of mulberry leaves as functional food, medicinal, or cosmetic materials.

Changes in the secondary metabolites and bioactivity of mulberry leaves upon UV-C irradiation