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.  Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain common infections diagnosed in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Community-acquired UTIs are generally caused by  Escherichia coli  and other members of the family  Enterobacteriaceae.   Burkholderia   cepacia  is an opportunistic pathogen mainly affecting immunocompromised and hospitalized patients, particularly those who have received prior broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy.   Case presentation.  Urine samples were collected from 157 outpatients clinically diagnosed with UTI and from 100 healthy control subjects. Samples were cultured on differential media and non-motile lactose-non-fermentors were identified via the Remel RapID ONE system. The isolates were tested by the disc diffusion method against 17 antimicrobial agents.  Burkholderia  was isolated as a single organism from four patients having uncomplicated infections, and one from recurrent infection. None of these patients had an underlying risk factor for this pathogen. Identification of these isolates by the Remel-RapID ONE system was confirmed by  recA  gene amplification. The four isolates were resistant to lincomycin, nalidixic acid, oxacillin and penicillin G. These cases received monotherapy of oral co-trimoxazole.   Conclusions . Our findings alert urologists and diagnostic laboratories to the potential of  B.   cepacia  complex infections in similar cases, and that this bacterium should not be ruled out.

Community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex in patients with no underlying risk factor