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An HIV-negative patient from Bangladesh with bilateral keratitis was found to be infected with a microsporidian parasite belonging to the genus Nosema. Significantly, the patient had bathed in a rural pond 7 days prior to the development of ocular symptoms. Nosema parasites are common insect parasites and the source of this microsporidial infection was possibly from mosquito larvae developing in the pond in which the patient bathed. The reduced temperature of the human eye and its immune status may have allowed a poikilothermic insect parasite to establish infection in the cornea of a homeothermic human host. This case highlights the opportunistic potential of insect microsporidial parasites to infect immunocompetent humans as well as those who are immunodeficient.

A case of bilateral microsporidial keratitis from Bangladesh – infection by an insect parasite from the genus Nosema