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Although the skeletons of the extinct Flying Saurians of the mezozoic strata have been discovered in a more complete condition than those of any other contemporary Reptiles, they have not, hitherto, owing to the delicate texture and commonly crushed state of the bones, afforded satisfactory observations of the structure of the vertebræ. Yet the vertebral characters of a saurian skeleton are of peculiar interest to the Palæontologist and Comparative Anatomist, on account of the many and strongly-marked differences which they present in the extinct members of the Reptilian class. In the existing species, the articular terminal surfaces of the centrum, with the exception of those of the Geckos, Rhynchocephalus, and of some single vertebrae in the column of other Reptiles, are concave in front and convex behind. But in extinct Reptiles some genera (Streptosndylus ) show reverse positions of the cup and ball; others (Ichthyosaurus ) show both surfaces concave; others show both surfaces slightly concave (Teleosaurus ); others show both surfaces flat (somePlesiosauri ); others are subconcave behind and flat before (Cetiosaurus ); with many minor modifications. It is only on arriving at the uppermost of the mezozoic series of rocks in an ascending survey, that we find Lacertian genera (Mosasaurus andLeiodon of the Chalk) and crocodilians (Crocodilus basifissus , from the Greensand of New Jersey) presenting the procœlian || type of vertebra which prevails in tertiary and modern reptiles.

VIII. On the vertebral characters of the order pterosauria, as exemplified in the genera pterodactylus (cuvier) and dimorphodon (Owen)