English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The objective was to determine whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates development of bovine embryos. In each experiment, oocytes were fertilized in vitro, GM-CSF was added to embryo culture medium at 8-10 h or 5 days after insemination, and development was monitored as the proportion of oocytes that formed blastocysts. Addition of recombinant bovine GM-CSF to serum-free medium at 8-10 h after insemination increased the percentage of oocytes that formed blastocysts (7.2% and 15.2% for control and GM-CSF, respectively). GM-CSF did not affect cleavage rate. Rather, the effect of GM-CSF seems to be exerted after Day 5 after insemination, as indicated by the following findings: 1) GM-CSF did not alter embryo cell number at Day 5 after insemination; 2) administration of GM-CSF at Day 5 increased the proportion of oocytes that developed to the blastocyst stage (6.7%, 13.0%, and 22.4% for control and 1 and 10 ng/ml GM-CSF, respectively); and 3) addition of serum at Day 5 increased development but prevented a further increase due to addition of GM-CSF at 10 h after insemination. Blastocysts from GM-CSF-treated cultures tended to be at earlier stages of morphological development (i.e., fewer blastocysts expanded at Day 7 and fewer were hatching or hatched at Day 9 after insemination). GM-CSF may play a role in the early development of bovine embryos and might be a useful molecule for increasing blastocyst production rates in serum-free culture systems.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Promotes Development of in Vitro Produced Bovine Embryos1