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What kind of a thing is schizophrenia? What causes it? Can it be cured or prevented? These questions have challenged researchers for over 100 years. However, despite thousands of new studies every year, and major technological advances, schizophrenia research is not leading to consistent improvements in the lives of people with the disorder.1 What might make a difference? One possibility is that a shift in the way that schizophrenia is conceptualized and approached may lead to improvements in our understanding of the condition, which could then translate into more effective methods of prevention and promotion of recovery. But, what would these changes look like, and what is necessary to make them happen? Addressing these key questions was the goal of the Ernst Struungmann Forum, “Schizophrenia: Evolution and Synthesis,” a meeting held at the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, in July 2012. For 5 intense days of discussion and debate (there were no paper presentations), an invited group of expert and experienced researchers with diverse scientific backgrounds from around the world (see Appendix for list of participants) explored novel ways of conceptualizing schizophrenia and integrating data across levels of analysis with the goal of accelerating advances in treatment development and prevention. As with all Struungmann Forums, the topic was divided into four, more tractable, themes, each with an associated set of questions. Participants were assigned to 1 of 4 groups to consider background papers (written just prior to the Forum by selected Forum attendees). Summaries of each group’s conclusions on the novel approaches to advance the field were ultimately presented to the whole group for discussion and debate.  Throughout our deliberations, we kept in mind our goal of clinical impact. This strategy is consistent with that of the recent Rand Europe Mental Health Retrosight Report on Schizophrenia.2 That report included the following conclusions: (1) global mental health research over the past 20 years has led to a diverse and beneficial range of academic, health, social, and economic impacts; (2) clinical research has had a larger impact on patient care than basic research although there is much variability regarding this outcome in the basic research area; and (3) where scientists bear in mind clinical relevance, there is more likely to be impact. In addition, our strategy of choosing experts from across a wide spectrum of research topics and methods is supported by Retrosight’s conclusion that those involved in mental health research who work across boundaries produce findings that are associated with wider health and social benefits. What follows is a summary of our deliberations over the Forum week and considerable follow-up email discussion. We have distilled these conversations into this short text, and, as the meeting organizers, we take responsibility for any omissions. We also have updated some of the recommendations with reference to recent research. A full-length description of the questions and issues that motivated the Forum can be found in chapter 1 of a recently published book,3 with the remainder of that volume comprising the background papers that stimulated the discussions and the final summaries of the group discussions addressing the issues.

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Research Strategies and Priorities to Improve the Lives of People With Schizophrenia: Executive Summary of the Ernst Struungmann Forum on Schizophrenia