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Background Bleeding is one of the most serious events that can occur intra-operative as well as post-operative in TURP, TURBT, PCNL and minimizing blood loss is of vital role in preventing or reducing morbidity and mortality following these procedures. Aim of the Work The aim of the present study was to to evaluate the efficacy of high dose tranexamic acid and etamsylate in reducing blood Loss during TURP, PCNL, TURBT and to determine if we can use them as a routine or not. Patient and Methods The study, was a prospective randomized control study, would be conducted on 70 patients admitted through the outpatient urology clinic in Ain shams University Hospitals and Nasser institute hospital. The 70 patients were divided into two main groups. Each one was 35 patients, each group is subdivided into 3 subgroups ((a)TURP,(b)PCNL AND (c)TURBT). Group 1 (all did not receive the combination of high dose tranexamic acid and ethamsylate) Group 2 (all received the combination of high dose tranexamic acid 2g per day and ethamsylate2.5g per day). Results We found that hemoglobin and hematocrit drop was significantly smaller in cases group and subgroups compared with the control group and subgroups, we also found that blood transfusion is reduced in control group and subgroups than in cases. Also procedure time was highly significant decreased in cases compared with controls. the high dose combination tranexamic acid 2g per day and ethamsylate2.5g per day was found to be safe without side effects especially thromboembolic side effects. Conclusion The study showed that High dose tranexamic acid and etamsylate is safe and effective in reducing blood loss during TURP,PCNL and TURBT. but we still cannot use them as a routine in all patients because our study is conducted on patients with selected criteria so further studies are needed.

Effect of High Dose Tranexamic Acid and Etamsylate in Reducing Blood Loss during Trans-Urethral Resection of Prostate, Bladder Tumours and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy