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Using a sample of 11,478 spaxels in 34 galaxies with molecular gas, starformation and stellar maps taken from the ALMA-MaNGA QUEnching and STarformation (ALMaQUEST) survey, we investigate the parameters that correlate withvariations in star formation rates on kpc scales. We use a combination ofcorrelation statistics and an artificial neural network to quantify theparameters that drive both the absolute star formation rate surface density(Sigma_SFR), as well as its scatter around the resolved star forming mainsequence (Delta Sigma_SFR). We find that Sigma_SFR is primarily regulated bymolecular gas surface density (Sigma_H2) with a secondary dependence on stellarmass surface density (Sigma_*), as expected from an `extended Kennicutt-Schmidtrelation'. However, Delta Sigma_SFR is driven primarily by changes in starformation efficiency (SFE), with variations in gas fraction playing a secondaryrole. Taken together, our results demonstrate that whilst the absolute rate ofstar formation is primarily set by the amount of molecular gas, the variationof star formation rate above and below the resolved star forming main sequence(on kpc scales) is primarily due to changes in SFE.

The ALMaQUEST Survey: III. Scatter in the resolved star forming main sequence is primarily due to variations in star formation efficiency