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We present a sample of 151 massive ($M_* > 10^{10}\mathrm{M_\odot}$)quiescent galaxies at $2 < z < 5$, based on a sophisticated Bayesian spectralenergy distribution fitting analysis of the CANDELS UDS and GOODS-South fields.Our sample includes a robust sub-sample of 61 objects for which we confidentlyexclude low-redshift and star-forming solutions. We identify 10 robust objectsat $z>3$, of which 2 are at $z>4$. We report formation redshifts, demonstratingthat the oldest objects formed at $z > 6$, however individual ages from ourphotometric data have significant uncertainties, typically $\sim0.5$ Gyr. Wedemonstrate that the UVJ colours of the quiescent population evolve withredshift at $z>3$, becoming bluer and more similar to post-starburst galaxiesat lower redshift. Based upon this we construct a model for the time-evolutionof quiescent galaxy UVJ colours, concluding that the oldest objects areconsistent with forming the bulk of their stellar mass at $z\sim6-7$ andquenching at $z\sim5$. We report spectroscopic redshifts for two of our objectsat $z=3.440$ and $3.396$, which exhibit extremely weak Ly$\alpha$ emission inultra-deep VANDELS spectra. We calculate star-formation rates based on theseline fluxes, finding that these galaxies are consistent with our quiescentselection criteria, provided their Ly$\alpha$ escape fractions are $>3$ and$>10$ per cent respectively. We finally report that our highest-redshift robustobject exhibits a continuum break at $\lambda\sim7000$A in a spectrum fromVUDS, consistent with our photometric redshift of$z_\mathrm{phot}=4.72^{+0.06}_{-0.04}$. If confirmed as quiescent this objectwould be the highest-redshift known quiescent galaxy. To obtain strongerconstraints on the times of the earliest quenching events, high-SNRspectroscopy must be extended to $z\gtrsim3$ quiescent objects.

Timing the earliest quenching events with a robust sample of massive quiescent galaxies at 2 < z < 5